为什么无知者无畏

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图1：最广泛流传的图是这样的：

今天偶然看到了一张有趣的图片（上图），查了一下原来是著名的 Dunning–Kruger effect（杜克效应）曲线。

达克效应（英语：D-K effect），全称为邓宁-克鲁格效应（英语：Dunning–Kruger effect），
是一种认知偏差，能力欠缺的人有一种虚幻的自我优越感，错误地认为自己比真实情况更加优秀。

图2：源文献的图是这样的：

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今天刚好又读了科学网王兴民老师的一篇有趣的文章：学习中的迷雾：“干中学”，还是“学中干”？

正好我又记起一句日本教授的名言：ごちゃごちゃ考えないで、とりあえずやってみよう （理科生的翻译为：不要反复去从文献中去查找未知事物的真相，直接做实验去验证这个未知）




杜克效应阐明的“无知者无畏”，不正是创新与追求真理的源泉么？！

回到王老师的问题：学习中的迷雾：“干中学”，还是“学中干”？

我的回答是，“干中学”更多是创新创造，更能推动历史的车轮前进。“学中干”更多是经验积累，是“干中学”的孵化时期。

胡诌几句，欢迎拍砖！不过请轻拍~

图3：把认知分成3各阶段是这样的：

图4：中文达克效应简单解读是这样的：

源文献：Kruger, Justin; Dunning, David (1999). Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one’s own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. American Psychological Association. 77 (6): 1121–1134. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.64.2655 Freely accessible. PMID 10626367. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1121.
文献Abstract:

People tend to hold overly favorable views of their abilities in many social and intellectual domains.
The authors suggest that this overestimation occurs, in part, because people who are unskilled in these
domains suffer a dual burden: Not only do these people reach erroneous conclusions and make
unfortunate choices, but their incompetence robs them of the metacognitive ability to realize it.
Across 4 studies, the authors found that participants scoring in the bottom quartile on tests of humor, grammar, and
logic grossly overestimated their test performance and ability. Although their test scores put them in the 12th percentile, they estimated themselves to be in the 62nd.
Several analyses linked this miscalibration to deficits in metacognitive skill, or the capacity to distinguish accuracy from error.
Paradoxically, improving the skills of participants, and thus increasing their metacognitive competence, helped them recognize the limitations of their abilities.

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文章最后设一个Open opinion，大家在各自领域怎么解读”杜克效应”？？？

（附上我的个人opinion，如下图）

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